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高校毕业生就业帮扶的温度、精度和效度******

  党的二十大报告指出:“完善重点群体就业支持体系,加强困难群体就业兜底帮扶”。做好高校毕业生就业帮扶,是贯彻落实党的二十大精神的重要任务,是高等教育心怀国之大者、人民利益至上的生动体现,是高校毕业生就业工作的重中之重。

  就业帮扶要充满“温度”。有温度的帮扶是高校毕业生就业帮扶的应有之意。要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,着力办好群众各项“急难愁盼”问题,突出做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业工作。由于家庭经济或个人身体方面的原因,低收入家庭和身体残疾大学生就业面临较大困难,一方面,相对“慢就业”、缓就业群体,他们的就业意愿更强烈,另一方面,面对激烈的竞争,他们就业压力更大,特别需要老师的关怀和指导。

  有温度的帮扶要做好三个心。一是传递关心。就业帮扶工作要坚持“一个也不能少”,通过暖心的就业指导和岗位推荐,把党和国家的关心关爱传递给每一名需要帮助的毕业生,切实增强大学生的获得感。二是保持耐心。每个人的自身条件不同,就业目标不同,就业进程有快有慢。要帮助大学生全面客观进行自我评价和职业分析,合理确定就业目标,把握好就业节奏,按照既定方向稳妥推进。三是增强信心。每一个毕业生都是国家宝贵的人才资源,重点群体毕业生身上的迎难而上、勤奋踏实的意志品质深受用人单位青睐。要帮助大学生深入挖掘自身优势,相信每个人都有人生出彩的机会,切实增强重点群体大学生的就业信心。

  就业帮扶要瞄准“精度”。精准帮扶是高校毕业生就业帮扶的基本方略。就业帮扶要坚持精准的科学方法、落实精准的工作要求,做到因人施策、靶向帮扶。提高就业帮扶的精准度要明确帮扶谁、谁来帮、怎么帮三个问题。

  一是精准筛查帮扶对象。要重点筛查有就业意愿且就业存在困难的大学生,其中脱贫家庭、低保家庭、零就业家庭以及有残疾的、较长时间未就业毕业生是重点帮扶对象。要精准收集大学生就业意向,综合大学生家庭情况和个人实际确定帮扶对象,不搞“一刀切”。二是精准组织帮扶力量。就业帮扶不能只靠学校单向发力,社会、企业、家庭也要发挥作用,就业工作人员、辅导员和专业课教师都要加入到帮扶队伍,积极贡献力量,形成帮扶合力。要广泛挖掘各类校内外资源,储备并建立多元化帮扶队伍,根据大学生个性化帮扶需求安排最合适的主体开展工作。三是精准制定帮扶策略。2022年5月,《国务院办公厅关于进一步做好高校毕业生等青年就业创业工作的通知》明确要求精准开展困难帮扶,为帮扶对象提供“一人一档”、“一人一策”精准服务。要认真分析每一名帮扶对象的就业问题,因型施策、对症下药、精准滴灌、靶向援助,有针对性开展差异化、个性化和精准化帮扶。

  就业帮扶要追求“效度”。实效为先是高校毕业生就业帮扶的重要法则。追求“效度”就是满足大学生对美好就业的向往追求,把解决好大学生就业问题作为就业帮扶的评价标准,不断增强大学生在就业方面的获得感、幸福感和安全感。帮扶“效度”主要体现在三个方面。

  一是提升就业能力。能力是就业的基础。要分析不同群体的心理特征和就业需求,有针对性地开展就业能力培训,提升大学生自我效能感,提高就业竞争力。二是满足就业需要。大学生对就业的需要呈现多样化多层次多方面的特点,就业帮扶要以满足学生就业需要、落实学生就业去向为出发点和落脚点,坚持行胜于言,用行动和结果说话,把对每一名大学生的就业帮扶落细、落小、落实。三是外溢帮扶效果。就业帮扶是保障社会公平、维护社会稳定的关键举措,充分体现了中国特色社会主义制度的优越性。要强化就业帮扶过程中的就业育人,鼓励大学生勇于担当民族复兴大任,主动到祖国最需要的地方去建功立业,立志做有理想、敢担当、能吃苦、肯奋斗的新时代好青年,让青春在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的火热实践中绽放绚丽之花。

  (作者:李健,系东北师范大学学生就业指导服务中心副主任)

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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